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Base64 encodes binary data into 6-bit chunks. If the data length isn't a multiple of 3 bytes, '=' characters are added as padding to complete the final block.

No. Base64 is an <strong>encoding</strong> scheme, not encryption. It obfuscates data but provides no security. Anyone can decode it back to the original form.

Use **URL Encode** for query strings (spaces become %20). Use **HTML Encode** for displaying code on a webpage (< acts as a bracket, not a tag opener) to prevent rendering issues.

The 'Unix Epoch' is 00:00:00 UTC on 1 January 1970. It serves as a universal reference point for computer systems, unaffected by time zones.

Storing time as a single integer (seconds since Epoch) is efficient for databases and makes date arithmetic (calculating duration) simple subtraction.

HEX is a hexadecimal representation (base-16) of RGB values. They represent the exact same color. #FF0000 is the same as rgb(255, 0, 0).

HSL stands for Hue, Saturation, Lightness. It is often more intuitive for designers to adjust colors (e.g., 'make it lighter') than tweaking RGB values.